Description
The main results of the laboratory over the past 5 years
Installation of microwave activation of materials and catalysts
1. Developed effective nanoscale catalysts for hydroamination of alkynes with aromatic and aliphatic amines based on gold or silver nanoparticles on various mesoporous carriers. Under mild conditions, they provide a high yield of the product - up to 97%. The deposited silver nanoparticles are very active and selective catalysts for the process of direct carboxylation of aromatic alkynes to the corresponding carboxylic acids.
2. Efficient water adsorbents (capacity up to 80 wt.% H2O) capable of desorbing water already at 70–80 ° C, adsorbents CO2, H2S, and SO2 (capacities 30–35, 25, and 45 wt.%) Have been developed.
3. A method has been developed for obtaining composite membranes based on metal-organic framework structures MOF-199, ZIF-8 on inorganic, metal-ceramic or polymeric supports. The method provides a uniform coating of the base with an organometallic polymer. These composite membranes in the separation of mixtures of gases H2 / CO2 / CH4 / He / O2 allow to achieve an increase in the selectivity of separation by 1.5 - 3 times in comparison with the initial membranes without coating frame structures
4. New methods have been developed for producing supported gold-containing bimetallic catalysts by redox deposition of gold on Cu, Pd, Pt, Ru on a monometallic catalyst, which make it possible to obtain highly dispersed bimetallic Au / Me or Au / MeOx nanoparticles. Low-percentage bimetallic gold-containing catalysts with ultra-low gold content were synthesized - 0.025-0.2 wt.%, Bimetallic gold-containing systems. The Au / RuO2 / θ-Al2O3 system showed high efficiency in the reaction of hydrodehydroxylation of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol
5. Efficient catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene (98% selectivity), the conversion of glycerol to propanediols and lactic acid, the opening of aromatic hydrocarbon cycles, the selective hydrogenation of polymers, nitriles, acetylenes, the conversion of CO2 to valuable products (CO, CH4, CH3OH, carbonic) acids, etc.)
6. Due to the urgent need to develop liquid heat transfer fluids for use in droplet coolers-emitters in open space conditions in frameless low-grade heat removal systems, intensive studies of new types of ionic liquids based on silicon-containing structures have been carried out. For the first time, a number of new monocations and dication ILs were synthesized, possessing a whole complex of useful properties that determine their use in open space conditions (vacuum, significant temperature drops, radiation). By varying the structure of the cation, it was possible to significantly improve the parameters of IL, such as temperature stability, viscosity, heat capacity.
The first experiment was conducted in the Russian segment of the International Space Station using 1,2-dimethyl-3- (1 ', 1', 3 ', 3'-tetramethyl-3'-phenyl-disiloxanil) methyl-imidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl a) imide. Almost non-evaporating ILs with vapor pressure up to 10-11 Torr suitable for use in space were obtained.
7. Synthesized silver nanoparticles, differing in morphology and size (nanoparticles of flat and spherical shape), stabilized by various organic surfactants. Their physicochemical characteristics were studied, original methods for assessing the toxicity of nanomaterials using planarians and mollusks were developed. The ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles was investigated with respect to five species of hydrobionts: green algae Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, flatworms Jariard tigrina planaria, freshwater crustaceans Daphnia magna Straus, Zebrafish fish embryos (Danio rerio). It is established that the influence of the shape of metal nanoparticles on toxic properties is more pronounced compared with the influence of size. The significant role of the nature of organic stabilizers in the total ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles is shown.
According to the results of the research conducted over the past 5 years, the laboratory staff published more than 100 printed works in domestic and foreign journals. Over 40 patents of the Russian Federation, Canada, Europe and other countries were obtained for the developed catalysts, adsorbents and new nanomaterials.
