Description
Purpose and main technical parameters of the installation
At the Institute of Organic Chemistry. N.D. Zelinsky RAS has developed a unique installation for in-situ microwave activation of materials and catalysts (shown in photographs), which is based on a flow-through monomode resonator-type reactor at an operating frequency of 4.0 GHz (can also be used as a closed reactor). The efficiency of microwave activation is not lower than 97-98%, i.e. All the microwave energy generated in the system, including the generator and the microwave amplifier, is spent on the effective heating of the material placed in the reactor (catalyst or charge for the preparation of nanoscale materials). With a power not exceeding 50 W (at least 10 times less than in commercial systems), heating up to 800 ° C is achieved using the example of oxide materials (V-Mo-Nb-O), which cannot be heated above 300 ° C by commercial systems maximum power. The installation is coupled with a catalytic installation, an X-ray installation for determining the structure of materials, and an FTIR spectrometer for studying the properties of materials and catalysts.
◘ Applications of microwave installation:
Preparation of nanoscale materials
The implementation of catalytic processes
Pre-activation of catalysts
◘ Scientific achievements
In the case of the implementation of catalytic processes in the microwave modes, a gain can be achieved in the activity of the catalysts at a given temperature (up to 5-10 times), the selectivity of the process (by 15-30%), the stability of the catalyst (by suppressing undesirable side processes leading to seals that deactivate the catalyst). It is also possible to reduce the temperature of the onset of the catalytic process, which may be essential for solving environmental problems of air purification, removing harmful volatile compounds from water or air, neutralizing exhaust gases, in particular, solving the problem of a cold start of a car. Finally, a significant advantage of microwave technologies is associated with the ability to instantly turn on and off the catalytic process (catalyst heating), which is important for the operation of the vehicle neutralizer in the case of partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, when the product oxidizes more easily than the original compound and requires instant hardening of the reaction mixture.
